Paint shall be applied with approved brushes and surfaces shall be sand papered after every coat. All work when completed shall present a smooth, clean solid and uniform surface, to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-Charge.

•  Primer: all surfaces for painting, if they are new, should have a coat of priming before application of the paint. Old surfaces where existing paints have been completely worn out owing to long use should also receive a coat of priming before application of fresh painting.

•  Synthetic Enamel Paint: Synthetic enamel paint of approved brand and manufacture and of the required shade shall be used for the top coat and an undercoat of shade to match the top coat and an undercoat of shade to match the top coat as recommended by the manufacture shall be used. Undercoat of the specified paints of shade suited to the shade of the top coat shall be applied and allowed to dry overnight. It shall be rubbed next day with the-fine grade of wet abrasive paper to ensure a smooth and even surface free from brush marks and all loose particles dusted off. Top coats of specified paint of the desired shade shall be applied after the undercoat is thoroughly dry. Additional finishing coats shall be applied if found necessary to ensure properly uniform glossy surface.

• Aluminium Paint: Aluminium paint of approved brand and manufacture shall be used. The paint comes in compact dual containers with the paste and the medium separately. The two shall be mixed together to proper consistency before use. Each coat shall be allowed to dry for 24 hours and lightly rubbed down with fine grade sand paper and dusted before the next coat is applied. The finished surface shall present an even and uniform appearance. As aluminum paint is likely to settle in the container, care shall be taken to frequently stir the paint during use. Also the paint be applied and laid off quickly, as surface is otherwise not easily finished.

• Plastic (Acrylic) Emulsion Paint: Plastic (Acrylic) emulsion paint are not suitable for application on external surface and surface which are liable o heavy condensation and are to be used generally on internal surface. For plastered surfaces a cement priming coat is required before application of plastic emulsion. Plastic emulsion paint of approved brand and manufacture and of the required shade shall be used. The paint will apply with usual manner with brush or roller. The paint dries by evaporation of the water content and as soon as the water has evaporated the film gets hard and the next coat can be applied. The time for drying varies from one hour on absorbent surfaces to 2 to 3 hours on non-absorbent surfaces. The thinning of emulsion is to be done with water and not with turpentine. Thinning with water will be particularly required for the undercoat which is applied on the absorbent surface. The surface on finishing shall present a flat, velocity, smooth finish. If necessary more coats will be applied till the surface present a uniform appearance.

• Varnishing: Varnish for the undercoat shall be a flatting varnish of the same manufacture as the top coats. New wood work to be varnished shall be finished smooth with a carpenter’s plane. Knots shall be cut to a slight depth. Cracks and holes shall be applied liberally with a full brush and spread evenly with short light strokes to avoid frothing. If the work is on the upstroke so the varnish shall be crossed and re-crossed and then laid off, the later being finished process will constitute one coat. If the surface is horizontal, varnish shall be worked in every direction with light quick strokes and finished in one definite direction so that it will set without showing brush marks. Rubbing down and fatting the surface shall be allowed to dry away from draughts and damp air. The finished surface shall then present a uniform appearance and fine not be poured back into the stock tin, as it will render the latter unfit for use. Special fine haired varnishing brushed shall be used and not ordinary paint brushes. Brushes shall be well worn and perfectly clean.
• Oiling with Raw Linseed Oil: Raw linseed oil shall be lightly viscous but clear and of a yellowish colour with light brown with light brown tinge. Its specific gravity at a temperature of 30 degree C shall be between 0.293 and 0.298. The oil shall be mellow and sheet to the very little smell. The oil shall be of sufficiently matured quality. Oil turbid or brick, with acid and bitter taste and rancid odour and which remains sticky for a considerable time shall be rejected. The oil shall be of approved brand and manufacture. The wood work shall be cleared of all smoke and water and completely dried. The oil shall be applied freely with brushes (not rags) and spread evenly and smooth until no more oil is absorbed. Each subsequent cost shall be applied after the previous coat is thoroughly dried and in any case not before 24 hours of application of the first coat. Work after completion shall not be patchy and sticky to the touch and shall present a uniform appearance.

• Wax polishing: Wax polishing shall be done with material of approved brand and manufacture. Preparation of surface will be same as for Varnishing. The polish shall be applied evenly with a clean pad of cotton cloth is such a way that the surface is completely and fully covered. The surface is then rubbed continuously for half an hour. When the surface is quite dry, a second coat shall be applied in the same manner and rubbed continuously for half an hour or until the surface is dry. The final coat shall then be applied and rubbed for two hours(more if necessary) until the surface has assumed a uniform gloss and is dry, showing no sign of stickiness. The final polish depends largely on the amount of rubbing which should be continuous and with uniform pressure with frequently changes in the direction.

•  French polishing: Pure shellac varying from pale orange to lemon yellow colour, free from resin or dirt shall be dissolved in methylated spirit at the rate of 150gm. Of shellac to a litre of spirit. Suitable pigment shall be added to get required shade. The surface shall be cleaned. All unevenness shall be rubbed down smooth with sand paper and well dusted. Knots if visible shall be covered with a preparation of red lead and glue size laid on while hot. Holes and indentations on the surface shall be stopped with glazier’s putty. The surface shall then be given a coat of wood filler made by mixing whiting (ground chalk) in methylated spirit at the rate of 1.4 kg. of whiting per litre of spirit. The surface shall again be rubbed down perfectly smooth with glass paper and wiped clean. A pad woolen cloth covered by a fine cloth shall be used to apply the polish. The pad shall be moistened with the polish and rubbed hard on the wood in a series of overlapping circles applying the mixtures sparingly but uniformly over the entire area of an even level surface, a trace of linseed oil on the face of the pad facilities this operation. The surface shall be allowed to dry and the remaining coats applied in the same way. To finish off, the pad shall be covered with a fresh piece of clean fine cotton cloth, slightly damped with methylated spirit and rubbed lightly and quickly with circular motions. The finished surfaced surface shall have a uniform texture and high gloss.

• Flat Wall Painting: The priming coat shall consist of “Distempering Primer or Cement Primer”. The flat wall paint shall be approved brand and manufacture and of required shade. The surface shall be prepared as described in sub-head “Cement Primer Coat”. Flat wall paint shall normally be applied on walls 12 months after their completion (in case of new work), in which case distemper primer will be sufficient. If the walls are to be painted earlier the primer coat shall consist of cement primer.

When the surface is dry, painting with the wall in uniform and even layers will be done to the required number of coats. Each coat shall be allowed to dry overnight and lightly rubbed with very fine grade of sand paper and loose particles brushed off before the next coat is applied. If after the final coat of wall paints the surface obtained is not up to the mark, further one of or more coat as required shall be given to obtain smooth and even finish at the cost of contractor. If primer or wall paint gets thickened it shall be thinned suitably with the thinner as recommend by manufacture.

• Materials :Steel doors and windows shall be manufactured using rolled steel sections of the weights specified in IS: 1038 latest issue. They shall be fixed, centre hung, top hung, bottom hung or composite as specified. The steel shall be of ST. 32-0 grade conforming to IS: 1977 or latest issue

• Size : The steel doors and windows shall be according to the specified sizes and design. The sizes of doors and windows shall be calculated so as to allow 1.25 cm clearance on all four sides of openings to allow for easy fitting of door, windows and ventilators into opening. The actual sizes of doors, windows and ventilators shall not vary by more than 1.5 mm from those given in drawing.

• Fabrication:Both the fixed and opening frames shall be constructed of sections which have been cut to length and mitred. The comers of fixed and opening frames shall be welded to form a solid-fused welded joint conforming to the requirements given below. All frames shall be square and flat. The process of welding adopted may be flash or butt welding or any other suitable method which gives the desired results.

• Requirements Of Welded Joints: Visual inspection test:- When two opposite corners of the frame are cut, paint removed and inspected, the joint shall conform to the following :

• Micro And Macro Examinations:  From the two opposite corners obtained for visual test, the flanges of the sections shall be cut with the help of a saw. The cut surfaces of the remaining portions shall be polished, etched and examined. The polished and etched faces of the weld and the base metal shall be free from cracks and fairly free from under cutting, overlaps, gross porosity and entrapped slag.

• Fillet Weld Test:  The fillet weld in the remaining portion of the joint obtained shall be fractured by hammering. The fractured surfaces shall be free from slag porosity, crack, penetration defects and fusion defects.

1. Door: The hinge pin shall be of electro-galvanised steel of suitable thickness and size. In the case of doors, the first closing leaf shall be the left hand leaf locking at the door from the push side. The first closing shutter shall have a concealed steel bolt at top and bottom. The bolts shall be so constructed as not to work loose or drop by their own weight .Single and double shutter door shall be provided with a three way bolting device. 
2. Windows : For fixed windows the frames shall be fabricated as described in fabrication. But side hung windows for fixing steel hinges slots shall be cut in the fixed frame and hinges inserted inside and welded to the frame. The hinges shall be of projecting types the hinge pin shall be of galvanised steel. Friction hinges shall be provided for side hung windows shutters if specified. The handle plate shall be welded, screwed or riveted to the opening frame in such a manner that it should be fixed before it is glazed and should not be easily removable after glazing. The handles shall have a two point nose which shall engage with a brass striking plate on the fixed frame in a slightly opened position as well as in the closed position.The boss of the handle shall incorporate a friction device to prevent handle from dropping under its own weight and the assembly shall be so designed that the rotation of the handle may not cause it to unscrew from the pin. The strike plate shall be so designed and fixed in such a position in relation to the handle that with the latter bearing against it stop, there shall be adequate light fit between casement and outer frame. In case where non-friction type hinges are provided, the windows shall be fitted with peg stags which shall be either of black oxidised steel or as specified, 300 mm long with steel peg and locking brackets. The pegs stay have three holes to open the side hung casement in three different angles. Side hung casement fitted with friction hinges shall not be provided with a peg stay.

• Galvanising :  All steel surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust, scale and dirt. Where so specified, the steel surfaces shall be treated for rust-proofing by the hot dip, zinc spray or electro-galvanising process. The rate shall be exclusive of final finishing coats but shall include the priming coat. 

• Fixing:  Where openings are flush and with a rendered finish a clearance of 1.25 cm shall be provided between the steel frame and opening. In the case of external masonry finish “Fair-Faced” and with rebated “jambs” a minimum 1.25 cm clearance between frame and opening shall be provided.

Fittings : Details of fittings to be provided shall be as per the schedule of fittings supplied by the Engineer-in-Charge in each case. The cost of providing and fixing shutters shall include the cost of hinges and necessary screws for fixing the same. All other fittings shall be enumerated and paid for separately. The fittings shall conform to their respective IS specifications. Where fittings are stipulated to be supplied by the department free of cost, screws for fixing the fittings shall be provided by the contractor andnothing extra will be paid for the same.

Shuttering may be of approved dressed timber true to line, not less than 25mm.thick.Surface to be in contact with concrete are to be planed smooth except where otherwise stated. As an alternate, sufficiently rigid steel shuttering may be used. In timber shuttering joint must be closed and shuttering surface shall be covered with polythene sheets of approved quality. In case of steel shuttering also the joint to be similarly lined.

All shuttering and framing must adequately be stayed and braced to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-charge for properly supporting the concrete during the period of hardening. It shall be so constructed that it may be removed without shock or vibration to the concrete.

Before the concrete is placed, the shuttering shall, if considered necessary be coated with and approved preparation for preventing the adhesion of the concrete to the moulds, and it is to be of such a nature and so applied that the surface of the finished concrete is not stained. Care shall also be taken that such approved preparation shall be kept out of contact with the reinforcement.

In no circumstances shall forms be struck until the concrete reaches strength of at least twice the stress of which the concrete may be subjected at the time of striking.

Interior of all moulds and boxes must be thoroughly washed out with a hose pipe or otherwise so as to perfectly clean and free from all extraneous matter prior to the deposition of concrete.

No plugs, bolts ties, hold fasts or any other appliances whatsoever for the purpose of supporting the shuttering are to be fixed in the shuttering are to be fixed in the structure or placed in such a way that the damage might result to the work in removing the same when the shuttering is struck.

2) Scaffolding: The scaffolding must be strong and rigid stiffened with necessary cross bracers and always decked and boarded on the sills with the close boarded on veiling and swings to prevent any injury to persons or materials. The contractor shall have to allow other traders to make reasonable use of his scaffolding as and when directed by Engineer-in-charge. If for the interest of the work contractors have to erect scaffolding in others properties including local bodies or corporation, the arrangement for the same including the cost of licensing fees etc. shall have to be borne by the contractor and the department should be kept free from any liability on this account.

3) Mixing, placing and compacting: The proportion specified is by volume in dry rodded condition of the different constitutions.Boxes of suitable size shall be used for measuring sand and aggregates. The unit of measurement for cement shall re bag of cement weighing %) kg. And this shall be taken as 0.035 cubic meter.

While measuring the aggregates, shaking, ramming or hammering shall not be done. The allowances for bulk age are made. The aggregates in each batch of concrete are to be so proportioned as to contain full bags of cement.

Normally all structural concrete shall be mixed in mixture machine of appropriate proportion, shall have to be vibrated with suitable vibrator. Mixing shall”be continued until there is a uniform distribution of the materials and the mass is uniform in color and consistency, but in no case shall be mixing be done for less than two minutes. The rates appearing in the Schedule of Rates against such items are inclusive of hire and operational charges of such appliances. For particular job the Engineer-in-charge may allow hand mixing and or hand tapping of concrete. In case of hand mixing concrete, extra cement up to 10% over the standard requirement of cement for machine mix of particular mix shall have to be provided by the contractor at his own cost.

As the bulking of sand may vary day to day and at different parts of the day on account of varying moisture content, frequent tests for bulking shall be carried out with the sand to be used and amount of bulking allowed for in the field mix so as to keep the actual proportion constant throughout.

Only such quantities as are required for immediate use are to be mixed at any one time. Sufficient water is to be added to obtain proper workability so that the mixture may flow readily round the reinforcement and into every part of the moulds. The workability shall be measured by the amount of slump.

In case of cement concrete used as sub-grade for flooring, the flooring may be commenced with 48 hours of the laying of sub-grade. In case it is not possible to do so due to exigencies of work, the sub-grade shall be roughened with steel wire brush without disturbing the concrete, wetted and neat cement slurry at the rate of 1.75 kg of cement per square metre applied to the base before laying floor, and full rate of APS/mosaic will be paid with the specific orders of the Engineer-in-charge. The curing to be continued along with top layer of flooring for a minimum period of 7 days.